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Characterization of human sarcoma antigen S3.

J K Sethi, Y Hirshaut

    British Journal of Cancer
    |March 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers identified a novel human sarcoma antigen, S3, distinct from known blood group and heterophile antigens. Increased S3 antibody prevalence was observed in various cancers and sarcoma patient families, suggesting its potential as a tumor marker.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Immunology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • A novel antigen, S3, has been identified as common to human sarcomas.
    • Previous characterization indicated its distinction from known human blood group substances (A and B) and common heterophile antigens.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To further characterize the S3 antigen.
    • To determine its relationship with other tumor-associated substances like CEA and AFP.
    • To investigate the prevalence of S3 antibodies in various patient populations.

    Main Methods:

    • Antigenic characterization through cross-reactivity studies.
    • Absorption assays using guinea-pig kidney, boiled beef, and sheep red blood cells (SRBC).
    • Seroepidemiological survey to assess S3 antibody prevalence.

    Main Results:

    • S3 antigen is antigenically distinct from human blood-group substances A and B, and heterophile antigens (Forssman, infectious mononucleosis, serum sickness).
    • S3 antigen preparations showed no correlation with Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) or Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).
    • S3 antibody could be fully absorbed by guinea-pig kidney, but not by boiled beef or SRBC, indicating it's a previously unidentified heterophile substance.
    • A significantly increased prevalence of S3 antibody was found in individuals with diverse malignant diseases and in family members of sarcoma patients.

    Conclusions:

    • S3 represents a newly identified heterophile antigen associated with human sarcomas.
    • The elevated S3 antibody levels in various cancers and sarcoma families suggest its potential as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker in oncology.

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