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Toxicity of interferon.

G M Scott, D S Secher, D Flowers

    British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.)
    |April 25, 1981
    PubMed
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    Purifying human leucocyte interferon (IFN) with monoclonal antibodies did not reduce its side effects in healthy volunteers. Both partially purified IFN and antibody-purified IFN caused similar adverse reactions, indicating these effects are inherent to the IFN type.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Biochemistry
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Human leucocyte interferon (IFN) is a therapeutic protein with antiviral properties.
    • Interferon preparations undergo various purification steps to enhance efficacy and safety.
    • Monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography is a modern technique for protein purification.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the biological effects and adverse reactions of partially purified human leucocyte interferon (PIF) with a highly purified preparation (NK21F) obtained via monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography.
    • To determine if enhanced purification reduces the side effect profile of leucocyte interferon.
    • To assess whether observed effects are inherent to the leucocyte interferon type.

    Main Methods:

    • A comparative study involving healthy volunteers receiving intramuscular and intradermal injections of PIF, NK21F, and a control solution.

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  • Monitoring of physiological parameters including pulse rate, body temperature, and circulating white blood cell counts.
  • Assessment of subjective adverse symptoms using standardized scoring and evaluation of local inflammatory reactions.

    • Main Results:

    • Both PIF and NK21F induced similar systemic effects: increased pulse rate, body temperature, altered white cell counts, and common symptoms like headache, malaise, and fever.
    • Despite lower doses of NK21F, mean symptom scores were comparable to those of PIF.
    • Intradermal inoculation showed similar local inflammatory reactions for both interferon preparations.

    Conclusions:

    • Monoclonal antibody-based purification of human leucocyte interferon does not diminish its adverse effect profile.
    • The studied biological activities and associated symptoms appear to be inherent characteristics of the specific leucocyte interferon type purified by the antibody.
    • Further research may be needed to identify specific interferon subtypes or modifications to mitigate side effects.