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Bunyaviridae.

D H Bishop, C H Calisher, J Casals

    Intervirology
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Bunyaviridae viruses infect hosts with spherical particles and RNA genomes. These negative-stranded RNA viruses exhibit genetic reassortment and arthropod transmission, impacting vertebrate and invertebrate health.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Arthropod-borne Diseases

    Background:

    • The Bunyaviridae family encompasses over 200 viruses infecting vertebrates and invertebrates.
    • Four genera are defined: Bunyavirus, Nairovirus, Phlebovirus, and Uukuvirus.
    • Bunyaviruses are characterized by their spherical morphology, RNA genome, and replication cycle.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline the defining characteristics of the Bunyaviridae family.
    • To detail the structural and genomic features of bunyaviruses.
    • To describe the replication and transmission mechanisms of bunyaviruses.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of Bunyaviridae family characteristics.
    • Analysis of virion structure, including size, envelope, and polypeptides.

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  • Examination of genomic composition (three RNA segments) and replication strategy (negative-stranded RNA).

    • Main Results:

    • Bunyaviruses possess spherical particles (80-110 nm) with a lipid envelope and surface glycoproteins (G1, G2).
    • The genome consists of three single-stranded RNA segments (L, M, S) forming helical nucleocapsids.
    • Viruses contain RNA-directed RNA polymerase, enabling mRNA synthesis, and exhibit genome segment reassortment.
    • Replication occurs in Golgi vesicles, with arthropod transmission (transovarial, venereal, transstadial) observed in some members.

    Conclusions:

    • Bunyaviridae viruses are complex negative-stranded RNA viruses with segmented genomes.
    • Their structural features and replication strategies facilitate infection in diverse hosts.
    • Understanding bunyavirus biology is crucial for managing diseases transmitted by arthropods.