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[Colorectal cancer. Progress and unsolved problems].

R Joss, F Nöthiger, R Greiner

    Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift
    |May 16, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Nutrition plays a key role in colorectal carcinoma development. Advances in surgery and radiotherapy improve outcomes, but chemotherapy for colorectal cancer remains unsatisfactory.

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Colorectal carcinoma is a frequent malignancy in Western countries, with nutrition identified as a key etiological factor.
    • Understanding the pathology and natural history of colorectal cancers is essential for effective management.
    • Epidemiological data underscore the significant impact of dietary factors on the development of these tumors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current understanding of colorectal carcinoma, including its epidemiology, pathology, and natural history.
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of current screening programs and treatment modalities for colorectal cancer.
    • To discuss the prospects for improving patient outcomes through etiological factor elimination, early diagnosis, and enhanced chemotherapy.

    Main Methods:

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    • Literature review of epidemiological data, pathology, and natural history of colorectal carcinoma.
    • Analysis of results from colorectal cancer screening programs.
    • Evaluation of surgical techniques, including the use of stapling devices for sphincter-saving operations.
    • Assessment of adjuvant therapies such as pre- and postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

    Main Results:

    • Screening programs for colorectal cancer have shown encouraging initial results.
    • Surgical management of rectal cancer has advanced with stapling devices, enabling more sphincter-saving procedures.
    • Radiotherapy is effective as an adjuvant to surgery and for palliation of symptoms like pain and bleeding.
    • Current chemotherapy for colorectal cancer remains largely unsatisfactory, with ongoing discussion regarding adjuvant chemotherapy prospects.

    Conclusions:

    • Improving the outlook for colorectal cancer patients requires a multi-faceted approach.
    • Eliminating etiological factors, enhancing early diagnosis, and advancing chemotherapy are crucial for better patient outcomes.
    • While surgical and radiotherapeutic advances offer improvements, further research into effective chemotherapy is imperative.