[Intrathoracic pancreatic cysts and fistulas]

Intrathoracic extension of inflammatory pancreatic diseases is a serious complication. In the course of an acute pancreatitis, a left-sided transdiaphragmatic pleural effusion and empyema most commonly occurs and is well known. Transhiatal pseudocysts into the mediastinum as well as fistula formation to the pleural cavity or bronchial system are less frequent although of great clinical importance. These diseases can lead to serious diagnostic errors and can cause complex therapeutic problems. A case is reported; the morbidity, lethality and complications are discussed on the basis of 34 cases reported in the literature.