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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...

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Updated: May 12, 2026

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

Published on: July 10, 2014

Interferon assay.

Journal of Immunological Methods

|January 1, 1981

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Interferon

Area of Science:

Virology and Immunology

Background:

Interferon (IFN) was initially discovered and defined by virologists based on its antiviral properties.
Recent research has identified numerous non-antiviral effects of interferons.
Current methods for measuring interferon activity primarily rely on antiviral assays.

Purpose of the Study:

To review different assay systems for measuring interferon activity.
To recommend the most suitable assay for immunological purposes.
To discuss critical factors in interferon assay development and standardization.

Main Methods:

Overview of three major types of interferon assay systems.
Evaluation of assay suitability for immunological applications.
Review of essential considerations for interferon assay implementation.

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Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

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Published on: July 10, 2014

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Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α

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Published on: June 14, 2018

Main Results:

The virus-plaque-reduction assay is suggested as the most suitable method for most immunological purposes.
Discussion on the importance of reference standards for accurate interferon measurement.
Considerations for cell/virus system selection and criteria for identifying interferon activity are highlighted.

Conclusions:

Standardized antiviral assays, particularly virus-plaque-reduction, are crucial for immunological studies of interferon.
Further development of specific immunoassays is needed to measure distinct interferon types.
Proper handling, storage, and standardization are vital for reliable interferon research.