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Hemoglobin A2 in hyperthyroidism.

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    Hyperthyroidism significantly elevates hemoglobin A2 (Hb A2) levels. Antithyroid therapy normalizes Hb A2 and improves red cell mean corpuscular volume (MCV), suggesting a specific hematologic profile for hyperthyroidism.

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    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Endocrinology
    • Clinical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Hyperthyroidism is associated with various hematologic alterations.
    • Erythrocyte hemoglobin A2 (Hb A2) levels in hyperthyroid patients require further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantitate Hb A2 levels in hyperthyroid patients before and during antithyroid therapy.
    • To monitor fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) and red cell mean corpuscular volume (MCV) alongside Hb A2.
    • To propose a hematologic profile for hyperthyroidism.

    Main Methods:

    • Quantification of Hb A2, Hb F, and MCV in 28 hyperthyroid patients.
    • Serial measurements were taken before and during antithyroid therapy.
    • Analysis of hematologic parameters in response to treatment.

    Main Results:

    • Significantly elevated Hb A2 levels (3.3% +/- 0.5%) were observed in hyperthyroid patients compared to normals (2.5% +/- 0.3%).
    • Elevated Hb F (>1.0%) was noted in 10 patients, with a tendency towards microcytosis (mean MCV 81.1 fl).
    • Following successful antithyroid therapy, Hb A2 levels decreased, and MCV increased in 10 subjects.

    Conclusions:

    • Hyperthyroidism is characterized by elevated Hb A2 levels and potential microcytosis.
    • Antithyroid therapy leads to normalization of Hb A2 and improvement in MCV.
    • A distinct hematologic profile for hyperthyroidism is suggested, responsive to treatment.