Partial splenic embolization using polyvinyl alcohol foam, dextran, polystyrene, or silicone. An experimental study...

Area of Science:

• Interventional Radiology
• Veterinary Medicine
• Vascular Surgery

Background:

• Partial splenic arterial embolization is a procedure to reduce splenic blood flow.
• Various embolic agents are used, but their efficacy and safety vary.
• Optimal agents for permanent splenic occlusion are sought.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different embolic agents for partial splenic arterial embolization in dogs.
• To compare polyvinyl alcohol foam, dextran, polystyrene, and silicone microspheres.

Main Methods:

• Dogs underwent partial splenic arterial embolization (50% flow reduction) using polyvinyl alcohol foam or microspheres (20-500 μm) of dextran, polystyrene, or silicone.
• Efficacy was assessed by splenic size reduction, collateral filling, and platelet levels.
• Histopathological examination was performed at 6 weeks.

Main Results:

• Dextran and polystyrene microspheres were superior due to ease of use, stability, and permanent peripheral occlusion.
• These agents increased platelet levels within 1 week and reduced splenic size within 6 weeks.
• No acute infarction or necrosis was observed; mild fibrosis with normal parenchyma was noted.

Conclusions:

• Dextran and polystyrene microspheres are effective and safe agents for partial splenic arterial embolization in dogs.
• These materials provide permanent splenic occlusion with minimal adverse effects.
• The procedure leads to significant splenic size reduction and normalization of parenchyma.