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Studies on thyroid cell surface antigens using cultured human thyroid cells.

G F Fenzi, L Bartalena, L Chiovato

    Clinical and Experimental Immunology
    |February 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Thyroid cell surface antibodies, including thyroid microsomal antibody (TMAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), bind to thyroid cells in autoimmune disorders like Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. These findings reveal shared antigens and potential differences in antibody targets across these conditions.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Endocrinology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Thyroid autoimmune disorders are characterized by the presence of autoantibodies targeting thyroid components.
    • Understanding the specific antigens recognized by these antibodies on thyroid cells is crucial for disease pathogenesis.
    • Previous studies have identified thyroid microsomal antibody (TMAb), thyroid stimulating antibody (TSAb), and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) in these conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the binding of thyroid cell surface antibodies to human thyroid cells in primary culture.
    • To determine the tissue specificity and antigenic targets of autoantibodies found in Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and idiopathic myxoedema.

    Main Methods:

    • Primary human thyroid cells were cultured and incubated with radioiodinated IgG preparations from patients with thyroid autoimmune disorders.

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  • Binding of antibodies to thyroid cells was assessed, and inhibition studies were performed using unlabeled IgG and preabsorbed preparations.
  • Human skin fibroblasts served as control cells to evaluate tissue specificity.

    • Main Results:

    • Radioiodinated IgG containing TMAb showed significant binding to thyroid cells, irrespective of TSAb or TgAb presence, and this binding was inhibited by unlabeled TMAb.
    • Purified TgAb also bound to thyroid cells, indicating the presence of thyroglobulin antigenic determinants on the cell surface.
    • Antibodies from different thyroid autoimmune disorders (Graves', Hashimoto's, idiopathic myxoedema) share common thyroid cell surface antigens, although some idiopathic myxoedema antibodies were not fully inhibited by antibodies from other conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antigenic determinants are expressed on the surface of human thyroid cells.
    • Autoantibodies in various thyroid autoimmune disorders recognize common thyroid cell surface antigens.
    • Idiopathic myxoedema may involve antibodies targeting unique or less common thyroid cell surface antigens not typically found in Graves' disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis.