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Infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Growth pattern and neurologic and developmental outcome
Insights
Infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) born with low birth weight experienced significant respiratory issues and neurodevelopmental delays. These long-term effects highlight the critical need for early intervention and ongoing care for vulnerable neonates.
Area of Science:
- Neonatology
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Developmental Pediatrics
Background:
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease affecting newborns.
- Low birth weight infants are at increased risk for developing BPD and subsequent complications.
- Understanding the long-term neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes in these infants is crucial for improving care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes of low-birth-weight infants diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
- To compare outcomes between infants with BPD, those with similar neonatal courses but without BPD, and a control group with mild respiratory illness.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 244 low-birth-weight infants (<= 1,500 g) born between 1975-1977.
- Group A: 26 infants with BPD. Group B: 8 infants with comparable neonatal course but no BPD (oxygen therapy >= 21 days). Group C: 25 control infants (oxygen therapy <= 5 days).
- Assessment of respiratory morbidities at 4 and 12 months, and neurodevelopmental sequelae at 2 years.
Main Results:
- BPD infants (Group A) experienced more asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, and acidosis compared to Group C.
- Group A infants required longer parenteral alimentation and hospitalization.
- Significantly higher rates of respiratory morbidities at 4 and 12 months and severe neurodevelopmental sequelae at 2 years were observed in Group A compared to Groups B and C (P < .005).
Conclusions:
- Low-birth-weight infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia face increased respiratory morbidities and severe neurodevelopmental sequelae.
- These long-term adverse outcomes underscore the significant impact of BPD on infant development.
- Early identification and management strategies are essential for mitigating the long-term consequences of BPD in high-risk neonates.
Abstract:
We evaluate neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes of low-birth-weight infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Twenty-six cases of BPD (group A) were diagnosed from 244 neonatal survivors with a low birth weight (less than or equal to 1,500 g) born in 1975, 1976, and 1977. During the same period, BPD did not develop in eight infants with a comparable neonatal course (group B) (received oxygen therapy greater than or equal to 21 days). Twenty-five infants who received O2 therapy five or fewer days had a mild clinical course and were considered controls (group C). The BPD infants suffered more asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, acidosis, and longer parenteral alimentation and hospitalization than group C infants. Compared with groups B and C, the BPD infants had more respiratory morbidities at 4 and 12 months (P less than .005) and more severe neurodevelopmental sequelae at 2 years.