Studies on the inhibition of human thrombin: effects of plasma and plasma constituents

The effects of blood plasma and some plasma constituents on several types of thrombin inhibitors were quite varied. Two active esters were rapidly destroyed by serum albumin; one of these reacted initially with Lys-199, the residue that is also acylated by aspirin. Of two sulfonyl fluorides one was unaffected by albumin, and the other bound reversibly to albumin; this binding was greater with albumin acetylated at Tyr-411 near the binding site for medium-chain fatty acids. The effects of a chloromethyl ketone were inhibited, apparently reversibly, by albumin but were practically abolished by glutathione. Of two potent reversible inhibitors one was unaffected by plasma constituents, while the other was over 10-fold less potent in plasma than in fibrinogen. The effect of plasma could be partially explained by binding to albumin and lipoproteins.