[Regeneration of peripheral nerve (author's transl)]

The authors make an attempt of dating up our knowledge of the functions which interfere with the peripheral nerves regeneration after an injury by a traumatism or an another pathological cause. The lesion of a nerve fiber causes changes on the cellular body, on the distal segment and on the glial environment. The regeneration which is a physiological phenomenon, is conditioned by the importance of the injury and the location of the injury. The regeneration require an important increase of the protein synthesis, specially the cytoskeleton proteins. This cytoskeleton is essential for the maintenance of axonal transports which control the arrival of materials requested for the fiber growth and for its functional recovery.