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Related Experiment Videos

The emergence of self.

J Kagan

    Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
    |October 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Children develop an early understanding of rules and self-awareness around 18-24 months. These universal developmental milestones, including moral evaluation and self-consciousness, emerge from brain maturation and social interaction.

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    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Psychology
    • Neuroscience
    • Cross-Cultural Studies

    Background:

    • Children's cognitive and emotional development in early years.
    • The emergence of self-awareness and understanding of social norms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate the emergence of specific behaviors in children.
    • Identify universal developmental milestones in the second year of life.
    • Explore the role of maturation and environment in early competence development.

    Main Methods:

    • Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies.
    • Observations of children across three distinct cultural settings.

    Main Results:

    • Emergence of behaviors indicating appreciation of prohibited actions.
    • Recognition of goal attainment abilities.
    • Development of awareness of self's feeling states.
    • Foundations for moral evaluation of aggression and self-consciousness observed.

    Conclusions:

    • These competences are linked to maturational changes in the central nervous system.
    • Environmental factors (objects and people) play a role in development.
    • Moral evaluation and self-consciousness are universal milestones of the second year.

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