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The auditory brain stem response in five vertebrate classes.

J T Corwin, T H Bullock, J Schweitzer

    Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology
    |December 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) were recorded in diverse vertebrates, revealing conserved neural pathways for hearing across species. This non-invasive technique offers insights into auditory processing in neuroethology.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Comparative Physiology
    • Bioacoustics

    Background:

    • Auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) are crucial for understanding auditory processing.
    • Previous studies extensively documented ABRs in mammals.
    • The conservation of auditory pathways across vertebrate classes remained less explored.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and compare auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) in various vertebrate classes.
    • To determine the consistency of ABR patterns within and across species.
    • To explore the utility of ABRs in neuroethology.

    Main Methods:

    • Extracranial and intracranial recordings of average evoked potentials in response to acoustic stimuli (clicks, tone bursts).
    • Utilized controls against artifacts and transection tests to validate ABRs.

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  • Recorded responses in elasmobranchs, osteichthyans, amphibians, reptiles, and birds.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified a sequential wave pattern originating from the eighth nerve, medulla, and midbrain, consistent across species and similar to mammals.
    • Observed conserved features in auditory neuron activity and neural pathways across tested vertebrate classes.
    • Found that stimulus intensity and repetition rate had minimal impact on ABRs, except for low frequencies (<700 Hz).
    • Demonstrated differential effects of cooling and variable responses to click phase reversal across species.
    • Observed onset ABRs and sustained frequency-following responses to tone bursts, with masking effects influenced by background tones.

    Conclusions:

    • The auditory brain stem response (ABR) pattern is conserved across diverse vertebrate classes, indicating fundamental similarities in auditory neural processing.
    • The non-invasive nature and sensitivity of ABRs make them valuable for neuroethological studies of hearing.
    • ABRs provide a reliable method to assess auditory sensitivity and neural responses to sound in various animal models.