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Related Experiment Videos

Second-trimester placental changes associated with elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein.

E A Perkes, R S Baim, K J Goodman

    American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    |December 15, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the second trimester may indicate neural tube defects. Intraplacental sonolucent spaces were found in pregnancies with unexplained high AFP, suggesting a pathway for fetal blood transfer.

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    Genetic sonography after first-trimester Down syndrome screening.

    Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·2007

    Area of Science:

    • Maternal-fetal medicine
    • Prenatal screening
    • Diagnostic imaging

    Background:

    • Second-trimester maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening is crucial for detecting neural tube defects.
    • Elevated AFP levels can stem from various factors, including gestational age, multiple gestations, fetal demise, or malformations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between intraplacental sonolucent spaces and elevated maternal serum AFP in the absence of other identifiable causes.
    • To explore a potential mechanism for nonpathologic AFP elevation.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of second-trimester pregnancies with elevated maternal serum AFP.
    • Ultrasound examination to identify intraplacental sonolucent spaces.
    • Exclusion of known causes for elevated AFP.

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    Main Results:

    • Intraplacental sonolucent spaces were identified in a significant proportion of cases with unexplained elevated AFP.
    • These spaces were detected in pregnancies without neural tube defects or other common causes of high AFP.

    Conclusions:

    • Intraplacental sonolucent spaces may represent a conduit for fetal-to-maternal hemorrhage.
    • This finding offers a potential explanation for nonpathologic elevations in maternal serum AFP during the second trimester.