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Intraocular antiviral penetration.

R H Poirier, J D Kingham, P de Miranda

    Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
    |December 1, 1982
    PubMed
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    Topical acyclovir achieved therapeutic aqueous humor levels in patients undergoing cataract surgery, unlike vidarabine monophosphate and trifluridine, which showed minimal to no penetration. This highlights acyclovir

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Pharmacology
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Topical antiviral medications are crucial for managing ocular herpes infections.
    • Understanding drug penetration into the aqueous humor is essential for effective treatment.
    • Cataract surgery provides a model for assessing drug levels in the anterior chamber.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify and compare the aqueous humor levels of topical vidarabine monophosphate, trifluridine, and acyclovir.
    • To determine the therapeutic potential of these antivirals in the anterior segment of the eye.

    Main Methods:

    • Patients with normal corneas scheduled for cataract extraction received topical antiviral agents.
    • Aqueous humor samples were collected post-administration.
    • Drug concentrations were measured using appropriate analytical techniques.

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    Main Results:

    • Vidarabine monophosphate showed meager concentrations in the aqueous humor.
    • Trifluridine was undetectable in the aqueous humor.
    • Acyclovir demonstrated substantial aqueous humor levels, falling within the therapeutic range for herpes simplex virus (HSV) susceptibility.

    Conclusions:

    • Topical acyclovir effectively penetrates the cornea to reach therapeutic concentrations in the aqueous humor.
    • Vidarabine monophosphate and trifluridine exhibit poor aqueous humor penetration.
    • Acyclovir is a promising topical agent for treating HSV infections affecting the anterior segment of the eye.