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Circulating opioids: possible physiological roles in central nervous function.

J L Henry

    Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
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    Endorphins, natural pain relievers, are released during various activities and may play a role in mood and bodily functions. A newly proposed hormonal system suggests a global activation of opiate receptors for widespread effects.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Endocrinology
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Endorphins are endogenous opioids with diverse physiological roles.
    • Evidence suggests endorphin release in response to stress, exercise, acupuncture, and social activities.
    • Endorphins are implicated in pain relief, mood regulation, and basic bodily functions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review evidence for endorphin release under various conditions.
    • To explore the physiological roles of endorphins, particularly in global activation.
    • To propose a hormonal endorphinergic system complementing neuronal pathways.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of studies on endorphin release and function.
    • Analysis of conditions associated with simultaneous endorphin effects.

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  • Examination of evidence for a blood-borne opioid hormone.

    • Main Results:

    • Diverse conditions trigger endorphin release, influencing multiple physiological systems.
    • Euphoria and analgesia often co-occur, suggesting global opiate receptor activation.
    • A blood-borne opioid hormone, potentially from the pituitary, may mediate these widespread effects.

    Conclusions:

    • A diffuse, hormonal endorphinergic system complements central nervous system neuronal pathways.
    • This hormonal system may explain global opiate receptor activation.
    • Generalized responses to certain stimuli may be mediated by this hormonal mechanism.