Induction of interferon by bacteria, protozoa, and viruses: defensive role

Interferon is established as one of the natural defenses against virus infection. The evidence that interferon may serve a defensive role against certain protozoa is less complete and consists mainly of induction of interferon during protozoal infection, as well as interferon protection of mice against malarial infection. The evidence that interferon may function as a defense against certain bacterial infections is extended with data indicating that a wide variety of bacteria can induce interferon in the mouse and in cultured human peripheral lymphoid cells. This induction of interferon by bacteria and the ability of interferon under many conditions to activate neutrophils and macrophages raises the possibility that interferon may serve a defensive role against some bacteria.