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Anthracycline-induced histamine release from rat mast cells
Agents and Actions
|October 1, 1982
Summary
Anthracycline chemotherapy drugs, including doxorubicin, daunorubicin, rubidazone, and aclacinomycin A, rapidly release histamine from rat mast cells in vivo. This histamine release correlates with increased vascular permeability, unlike in vitro findings for doxorubicin.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Cell Biology
- Immunology
Background:
- Anthracyclines are widely used chemotherapy agents.
- Mast cells play a key role in allergic reactions and inflammation.
- Histamine release from mast cells can increase vascular permeability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the histamine-releasing capacity of four anthracycline drugs in vivo and in vitro.
- To investigate the correlation between histamine release and vascular permeability induced by these agents.
Main Methods:
- In vitro experiments using purified or unpurified rat mast cells.
- In vivo experiments measuring histamine release in rat peritoneal fluid after intraperitoneal injection.
- Electron microscopy to assess mast cell degranulation.
- Evans-blue test to evaluate vascular permeability.
Main Results:
- In vivo, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, rubidazone, and aclacinomycin A caused rapid histamine release from rat mast cells.
- All four agents increased vascular permeability in rats, correlating with histamine release.
- Doxorubicin did not induce significant histamine release from mast cells in vitro under tested conditions.
Conclusions:
- In vivo, anthracyclines induce rapid mast cell degranulation and histamine release, leading to increased vascular permeability.
- The in vitro lack of response to doxorubicin suggests a need for specific conditions or molecular alterations for its histamine-releasing activity.