Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
07:51

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

Published on: May 21, 2015

Insulin immunogenicity in pregnancy: maternal and fetal studies

R Mylvaganam, J M Stowers, J M Steel

    Diabetologia
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed

    Antibodies to insulin were found in 92% of the 138 insulin-treated pregnant diabetic patients studied. No effect of pregnancy was shown on insulin antibody levels. Higher insulin antibody levels were significantly associated with the previous use of conventional insulins. Change from conventional to highly purified porcine insulin during pregnancy produced a significant reduction in insulin antibody levels. The combination of protamine zinc and soluble insulin used before pregnancy was found to be the most immunogenic. Insulin antibodies were freely transferred to the fetus but not detectable after the first 8 months of life. No insulin antibodies were found in the cord blood or during the next few weeks in the infants of mothers who had no antibodies to their injected insulin. There was a tendency for higher insulin antibody levels to be associated with indices of neonatal morbidity but not with percentile birth weights and C-peptide levels in cord sera.

    More Related Videos

    Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using Poly(I:C) to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring09:09

    Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using Poly(I:C) to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring

    Published on: August 17, 2022

    Generation of the Early-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation Mouse Model to Assess Prenatal Inflammation on Neurodevelopment08:53

    Generation of the Early-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation Mouse Model to Assess Prenatal Inflammation on Neurodevelopment

    Published on: March 24, 2026

    Related Concept Videos

    Development of Immunocompetence01:22

    Development of Immunocompetence

    The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
    The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
    Subsequent T...
    Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

    Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

    Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
    Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

    Pathophysiology of Diabetes

    Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
    Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
    Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

    Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

    Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
    The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...