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Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Modeling Biological Membranes with Circuit Boards and Measuring Electrical Signals in Axons: Student Laboratory Exercises
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Modeling Biological Membranes with Circuit Boards and Measuring Electrical Signals in Axons: Student Laboratory Exercises

Published on: January 19, 2011

Modelling compound action potentials of peripheral nerves in situ. III. Nerve propagation in the refractory period

D F Stegeman, J P De Weerd, S L Notermans

    Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology
    |June 1, 1983
    PubMed

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    Action Potentials01:41

    Action Potentials

    Overview
    Action Potential01:14

    Action Potential

    Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
    Membrane potential in neurons
    Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
    Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles01:24

    Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles

    Every cell in the body maintains a membrane potential due to an uneven distribution of positive and negative charges across its plasma membrane. The membrane potential is measured in millivolts and quantifies the difference in charge across the membrane.
    Like neurons, muscle cells are also regarded as excitable due to their capacity to change in response to stimuli, primarily due to voltage-gated ion channels embedded in their plasma membranes, which get activated by alterations in the cell's...
    Action Potential01:14

    Action Potential

    Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
    Membrane potential in neurons
    Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
    Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation01:28

    Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation

    The action potential is a complex electrical event that occurs in excitable cells, such as neurons and muscle cells. It consists of several distinct phases, each with specific characteristics.
    Resting Phase:
    In this phase, the cell's membrane is at its resting potential, typically around -70 millivolts (mV) for neurons. Inside the cell, there is a higher concentration of potassium ions (K+) and a lower concentration of sodium ions (Na+). Voltage-gated sodium channels are closed, and...
    Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

    Propagation of Action Potentials

    The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
    Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...