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Subunit composition specific to axonally transported tubulin.

T Tashiro, Y Komiya

    Neuroscience
    |August 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Axonally transported tubulin in guinea-pig vagal nerves contains a unique modified alpha-tubulin subunit (TAX). This axon-specific component, distinct from brain tubulin, suggests specialized axonal functions for tubulin.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Cell Biology
    • Protein Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Tubulin is a key component of microtubules, essential for neuronal structure and transport.
    • Axonal transport is crucial for delivering proteins and organelles to distant parts of neurons.
    • Understanding the specific composition of tubulin in axons is vital for comprehending neuronal function and pathology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the specific protein composition of tubulin undergoing axonal transport.
    • To identify any unique tubulin subunits present in the axon compared to the brain.
    • To characterize the properties of axonally transported tubulin.

    Main Methods:

    • Injection of L-[35S]methionine into guinea-pig dorsal motor nuclei and lateral ventricles.
    • Analysis of transported tubulin using one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing.
    • Isolation of tubulin from brain and vagal nerve via polymerization/depolymerization cycles.
    • Peptide mapping of the axon-specific component (TAX) using limited proteolysis.

    Main Results:

    • Transported tubulin showed preferential labeling of the beta-subunit.
    • Both alpha- and beta-tubulin subunits comprised multiple components.
    • An axon-specific component (TAX) was identified in transported tubulin, with characteristics of both alpha- and beta-tubulin.
    • TAX co-polymerized with brain tubulin and shared peptide mapping similarities with alpha-tubulin.

    Conclusions:

    • Axonally transported tubulin contains a modified alpha-tubulin subunit (TAX) not found in bulk brain tubulin.
    • This suggests a distinct pool of tubulin or post-translational modification specific to axonal transport.
    • The findings imply specialized roles for axonal tubulin in neuronal function.

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