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Related Concept Videos

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

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Evaluation of Respiratory System Mechanics in Mice using the Forced Oscillation Technique
13:10

Evaluation of Respiratory System Mechanics in Mice using the Forced Oscillation Technique

Published on: May 15, 2013

Mediators in exercise-induced asthma.

T H Lee, T Nagakura, N Papageorgiou

    The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
    |May 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) involves the release of mast cell mediators like histamine and neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF). Cold, dry air exacerbates EIA and mediator release, suggesting a common trigger for both.

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    Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
    10:22

    Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

    Published on: June 29, 2021

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Pulmonology
    • Exercise Physiology

    Background:

    • Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is a common condition characterized by bronchoconstriction following physical exertion.
    • The precise mechanisms triggering EIA and the role of inflammatory mediators remain incompletely understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the release of mast cell mediators, histamine and neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF), in relation to EIA.
    • To explore the influence of inhaled air conditions on EIA and mediator release.
    • To examine the role of neutrophil activation and C3b receptor expression in EIA pathogenesis.

    Main Methods:

    • Measurement of circulating histamine and NCF concentrations in atopic and nonatopic asthmatics post-treadmill exercise.
    • Comparison of EIA and mediator release under different inhaled air conditions (conditioned vs. cold, dry air).
    • Assessment of neutrophil C3b receptor expression and the effect of cromolyn administration.

    Main Results:

    • Elevated histamine and NCF levels were observed in asthmatics with EIA post-exercise.
    • Breathing cold, dry air exacerbated EIA and NCF release compared to conditioned air.
    • Neutrophil C3b receptor expression increased in EIA-positive asthmatics, preceding bronchoconstriction.
    • Cromolyn inhibited EIA, NCF release, and neutrophil activation.

    Conclusions:

    • Mediator release, including histamine and NCF, is a key feature of EIA.
    • Environmental factors like cold, dry air can trigger EIA and mediator release.
    • Neutrophil activation, evidenced by C3b receptor expression, plays a role in EIA pathogenesis.
    • Cromolyn demonstrates efficacy in mitigating EIA and associated inflammatory responses.