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Modulation of sympathetic vasoconstriction by potassium.

R Dietz, A Schömig, A M Dart

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology

|January 1, 1984

Summary

Increasing dietary potassium intake can help lower high blood pressure in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Potassium repletion reverses abnormal noradrenaline metabolism, reducing sympathetic vasoconstriction.

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Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Physiology
Neuroendocrinology
Nutritional Science

Background:

High-sodium diets accelerate blood pressure increases in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP).
Sodium loading is linked to abnormal noradrenaline metabolism, including increased release, reduced inactivation via diminished neuronal uptake, and enhanced vascular smooth muscle sensitivity.
These metabolic changes contribute to elevated blood pressure.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of increased dietary potassium on noradrenaline metabolism and blood pressure in SHRSP.
To determine if potassium supplementation can reverse the adverse effects of a high-sodium diet on sympathetic activity.

Main Methods:

Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) were fed a high-sodium diet with varying potassium concentrations (100 vs. 250 mmol K+/kg).

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Noradrenaline metabolism, including release, uptake, and vascular sensitivity, was assessed.

Blood pressure was monitored in response to dietary interventions.

Main Results:

Increasing dietary potassium from 100 to 250 mmol/kg partially reversed abnormalities in noradrenaline metabolism.
Specifically, neuronal uptake of noradrenaline improved, vascular smooth muscle sensitivity to noradrenaline attenuated, and plasma noradrenaline release reduced.
These metabolic improvements were associated with a significant reduction in blood pressure in SHRSP.

Conclusions:

Dietary potassium supplementation acts as an antihypertensive measure in SHRSP.
Potassium repletion normalizes noradrenaline metabolism, attenuating sympathetic vasoconstriction and lowering blood pressure.
This suggests a crucial role for potassium in managing hypertension through modulation of the sympathetic nervous system.