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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Human In Vitro Suppression as Screening Tool for the Recognition of an Early State of Immune Imbalance
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Requirements for suppressor T cell activation.

M Usui, I Aoki, G H Sunshine

    Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
    |September 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Third-order suppressor (Ts3) cells require a specific activating signal (TsF2) to function. This signal

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Cellular immunology
    • Suppressor cell function

    Background:

    • Third-order suppressor cells (Ts3) are generated following conventional immunization.
    • Ts3 cells require a specific activating signal, termed TsF2, to mediate suppressor cell function.
    • The precise mechanism of TsF2-mediated triggering of Ts3 cells remains to be fully elucidated.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the mechanism underlying TsF2-mediated triggering of Ts3 suppressor cells.
    • To investigate the genetic restrictions governing TsF2-mediated suppression.
    • To elucidate the cellular targets and molecular interactions involved in Ts3 cell activation.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of genetic restrictions (I-J and Igh-V regions) on TsF2-mediated suppression.
    • Characterization of accessory cells involved in TsF2 presentation.
    • Investigation of Ts3 cell receptors and their interaction with TsF2.

    Main Results:

    • TsF2-mediated suppression is genetically restricted by I-J and Igh-V regions.
    • I-J restriction targets accessory cells expressing I-J determinants, sensitive to cyclophosphamide and irradiation.
    • Igh-V restriction targets Ts3 cells expressing antigen-specific, idiotype-related receptors, involving idiotype-anti-idiotype interactions.

    Conclusions:

    • Ts3 cell activation involves a two-stage process: I-J-restricted TsF2 presentation and idiotype-anti-idiotype interactions.
    • I-J compatibility is not required for Ts3 activation when accessory cells are involved.
    • TsF2's anti-idiotypic determinants may act as an internal image of antigen, enabling specific targeting.