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Some structural aspects of precapillary vessels.

F Hammersen, E Hammersen

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology

|January 1, 1984

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The Chambers-Zweifach model of microvascular organization is outdated. New criteria, including vessel diameter and cell structure, are proposed for classifying microvessels like arterioles and precapillary sphincters.

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Biology
Microcirculation Research
Vascular Anatomy

Background:

The traditional Chambers-Zweifach model for microvascular organization is no longer considered universally applicable.
Classifying precapillary vessels in tissue sections is challenging due to high variability and lack of distinct criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose new parameters for identifying and classifying microvessels, including arterioles and precapillary sphincters.
To highlight the functional significance of endothelial components and reassess vascular smooth muscle arrangement.

Main Methods:

Identification of arterioles, terminal arterioles, and precapillary segments using luminal diameter, subendothelial space composition, and media thickness/completeness.
Analysis of endothelial cytoplasmic filaments and myoendothelial junctions.

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Reevaluation of the helicoidal arrangement of vascular smooth muscle (VSM).

Main Results:

New criteria enable distinct classification of microvessels, overcoming limitations of previous models.
Endothelial cytoplasmic filaments act as a cytoskeleton, adapting tensile strength to shear stress.
Myoendothelial junctions facilitate intercellular attachment and electrotonic coupling between endothelium and smooth muscle cells.
The universally accepted helicoidal arrangement of VSM requires modification based on recent findings.

Conclusions:

A revised approach using specific morphological and cellular parameters is necessary for accurate microvessel classification.
Further research combining vital, light, and electron microscopy is crucial for understanding microvascular beds and VSM structure.
Future studies should focus on elucidating the three-dimensional VSM shape and its transition to pericyte-like elements.