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Further studies on adrenarche in nonhuman primates.

P J Smail, C Faiman, W C Hobson

    Endocrinology
    |September 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Chimpanzees exhibit an age-related rise in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and DHA sulfate, similar to human adrenarche. Monkeys may show increasing adrenal secretion of C19 steroids independently of sexual maturation.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Primatology
    • Comparative Physiology

    Background:

    • Adrenarche, the rise in adrenal androgens, is a distinct pubertal event in humans.
    • Understanding adrenarche in non-human primates provides insights into its evolutionary origins and regulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the patterns of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), DHA sulfate, and cortisol during development in chimpanzees and macaques.
    • To compare adrenarche-like processes in non-human primates with those observed in humans.

    Main Methods:

    • Serum concentrations of DHA, DHA sulfate, and cortisol were measured in chimpanzees, Macaca mulatta, and Macaca nemestrina.
    • Sexual maturation was assessed by age, menarche, perineal turgescence, and serum testosterone.
    • The impact of capture stress on steroid levels was evaluated.

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    Main Results:

    • Chimpanzees showed an age-related increase in DHA and DHA sulfate relative to cortisol, resembling human adrenarche.
    • Macaca mulatta exhibited stable DHA and decreasing DHA sulfate with age and puberty.
    • Macaca nemestrina displayed stable DHA and declining DHA sulfate, with a postpubertal rise in both in older individuals, independent of cortisol.
    • Capture and venipuncture caused significant increases in cortisol, DHA, and DHA sulfate.

    Conclusions:

    • Chimpanzees display a developmental pattern of adrenal androgens similar to human adrenarche.
    • Macaca mulatta and Macaca nemestrina show distinct patterns of DHA and DHA sulfate secretion during development.
    • Monkeys may exhibit adrenarche-like increases in C19 steroid secretion, independent of sexual maturation, potentially reflecting adrenal growth and zona reticularis function.