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Cardiac abnormalities in children with hyperthyroidism.

L A Lester, P C Sodt, B H Rich

    Pediatric Cardiology
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Pediatric hyperthyroidism (HT) can cause significant cardiac changes, including mitral regurgitation (MR) and increased left ventricular mass. These effects, evaluated by echocardiography, may be partially reversible with treatment to a euthyroid state.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Cardiology
    • Endocrinology
    • Echocardiography

    Background:

    • Hyperthyroidism (HT) in children can affect cardiac function.
    • Previous studies suggest cardiac alterations in pediatric hyperthyroidism, but comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation is needed.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the cardiac status of hyperthyroid children using echocardiography.
    • To assess the impact of hyperthyroidism on left ventricular dimensions, mass, output, and contractility.
    • To investigate the reversibility of cardiac changes after treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Echocardiography was performed on 18 hyperthyroid children.
    • Measurements included left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular mass (LV mass), left ventricular output (LVO), and peak systolic ejection rate (peak dD/dt-syst).

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  • Cardiac parameters were compared to predicted normal values and assessed after treatment to a euthyroid state.

    • Main Results:

    • Mitral regurgitation (MR) was observed in 33% of black children but none of the white children.
    • Increased LVEDD and LVEDV were noted in patients with MR.
    • LV mass was significantly increased in hyperthyroid children compared to predicted normal values.
    • Left ventricular output (LVO) was higher in hyperthyroid children due to increased heart rate.
    • Enhanced left ventricular contractility was indicated by an increased peak systolic ejection rate.
    • Cardiac changes showed partial reversibility after treatment to a euthyroid state.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant cardiac alterations, including MR and increased LV mass, occur in children with hyperthyroidism.
    • Echocardiographic findings suggest enhanced left ventricular contractility in pediatric hyperthyroidism.
    • These cardiac changes may be partially reversible upon achieving a euthyroid state.