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Selenium and selenoproteins in the rat kidney.

M A Motsenbocker, A L Tappel

    Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
    |December 20, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Kidney tissue has significant selenium not linked to glutathione peroxidase. Researchers identified novel kidney selenoproteins, but they did not protect against cadmium toxicity.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Toxicology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Kidney tissue exhibits high selenium concentrations.
    • Known selenoproteins, like glutathione peroxidase, do not account for all kidney selenium.
    • This suggests the presence of uncharacterized selenium-binding proteins in the kidney.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate the identity and function of non-glutathione peroxidase selenium in kidney tissue.
    • Determine if these novel selenoproteins offer protection against cadmium toxicity.

    Main Methods:

    • Rats were isotopically labeled with [75Se]selenite over 10 days.
    • Kidney homogenates were fractionated to isolate subcellular components and proteins.
    • Gel filtration and chromatography were used to resolve and characterize selenoproteins.

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  • Rats prelabeled with 75Se were administered 109CdCl2 to assess cadmium-protein interactions.

    • Main Results:

    • Half of the administered 75Se was found in kidney particulate fractions, with high concentrations in lysosomes.
    • Two novel selenoproteins (<40,000 MW) and one larger selenoprotein (75,000 MW) were identified in kidney supernatant.
    • The 75,000 MW selenoprotein contained selenium in selenocysteine and was distinct from glutathione peroxidase.
    • No association was found between 109Cd and selenium-containing proteins at 3, 25, or 72 hours post-administration.
    • Two identified selenoproteins appeared to be kidney-specific.

    Conclusions:

    • Kidney tissue contains significant selenium not associated with glutathione peroxidase, localized in various subcellular fractions including lysosomes.
    • Novel kidney-specific selenoproteins were identified, distinct from glutathione peroxidase.
    • These identified selenoproteins do not appear to play a role in protecting against acute cadmium toxicity.