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Suppressor cell activity, splenic function and HLA B8 status in man.

D A Robertson, A Bullen, H Field

    Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Immunology
    |November 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    The spleen is crucial for normal suppressor cell activity in humans. Impaired suppressor cell function, indicated by a low suppressor index, is observed in patients without a spleen and those with coeliac disease.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Cellular Biology

    Background:

    • Peripheral blood lymphocytes (P.B.L.) exhibit an enhanced proliferative response to Concanavalin A (Con A) after incubation.
    • This response can be utilized to assess suppressor cell activity via a suppressor index (S.I.).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of the spleen in suppressor cell activity.
    • To evaluate suppressor cell function in patients with coeliac disease, splenic atrophy, and after splenectomy.

    Main Methods:

    • A suppressor cell assay was developed using the enhanced proliferative response of P.B.L. to Con A.
    • The suppressor index (S.I.) was measured in patients with coeliac disease (n=26), splenic atrophy (n=8), post-splenectomy (n=30), and controls (n=52).
    • Cell suspensions from surgically removed spleens were also analyzed for suppressor activity.

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    Main Results:

    • Patients post-splenectomy showed significantly lower S.I. compared to controls (P < 0.01).
    • Coeliac disease patients also exhibited lower S.I. compared to controls.
    • No significant difference in S.I. was found between coeliacs with splenic atrophy and those with normal splenic function, nor between non-coeliac patients with splenic atrophy and controls.
    • Individuals with the HLA B8 gene had lower S.I. in both coeliac and control groups.
    • Suppressor activity in spleen cell suspensions was comparable to that in P.B.L.

    Conclusions:

    • An intact spleen is necessary for the normal activation of suppressor cells in humans.
    • Suppressor cell function is maintained even in cases of splenic atrophy.
    • The HLA B8 gene is associated with reduced suppressor cell activity in coeliac disease and the general population.