Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 9, 2026
07:28
Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
Published on: April 6, 2017
Nebulised therapy in acute severe bronchiolitis in infancy
Archives of Disease in Childhood
|April 1, 1983
Summary
Nebulized ipratropium bromide improved work of breathing in infants with acute, severe bronchiolitis. Water and salbutamol showed minimal to no improvement, with some infants experiencing worsening symptoms.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
- Infant Critical Care
Background:
- Acute, severe bronchiolitis significantly impacts infant respiratory function.
- Work of breathing is a key indicator of respiratory distress in infants.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of nebulized water, salbutamol, and ipratropium bromide on work of breathing in infants with acute, severe bronchiolitis.
Main Methods:
- Conducted 39 studies on 25 infants diagnosed with acute, severe bronchiolitis.
- Measured total work of breathing before and after inhalation of nebulized solutions.
- Assessed changes in work of breathing per minute and per liter.
Main Results:
- Nebulized water increased work of breathing by 4% (per minute) and 10% (per liter); salbutamol increased it by 22% (per minute) and 0.5% (per liter).
- Ipratropium bromide demonstrated significant improvement in 6 of 15 studies without causing deterioration.
- Overall group results showed a reduction in work of breathing: 18% per minute and 16% per liter.
Conclusions:
- Ipratropium bromide appears to be a beneficial treatment for reducing work of breathing in infants with acute, severe bronchiolitis.
- Nebulized water and salbutamol were largely ineffective and did not significantly improve respiratory mechanics in this patient population.
Related Concept Videos
01:17Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation
In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
01:28Pneumonia IV: Management
The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
01:29Acute Respiratory Failure-V
The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
01:30Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management
The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
01:23Inhaled Medications
Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
01:29Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...