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Physiological changes in carps induced by pollution.

W Hanke, G Gluth, H Bubel

    Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
    |April 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Pollutants alter carp physiology, causing biphasic responses in cortisol, glucose, and enzyme activity. Carps in saltwater are more sensitive to these toxic effects.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental toxicology
    • Aquatic ecotoxicology
    • Biomarker research

    Background:

    • Environmental pollutants like DDT, atrazine, and PCP significantly impact aquatic ecosystems.
    • Fish physiology, including serum cortisol and glucose levels, liver function, and enzyme activities, are sensitive indicators of environmental stress.
    • Understanding pollutant effects on fish is crucial for assessing water quality and ecosystem health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the physiological effects of common pollutants on carp (Cyprinus carpio).
    • To characterize the biphasic response patterns of various biomarkers to pollutant exposure.
    • To evaluate the influence of acclimation to saltwater on carp sensitivity to pollutants and assess the utility of these responses as water quality criteria.

    Main Methods:

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    • Carp were exposed to various pollutants (DDT, atrazine, PCP, etc.) in both freshwater and 1.2% saltwater conditions.
    • Serum cortisol and glucose levels were measured.
    • Liver glycogen content and liver function indicators were analyzed.
    • Activity of gill ATPase and acetylcholinesterase in brain and serum were determined.

    Main Results:

    • Pollutants induced biphasic responses in measured parameters: initial increases followed by decreases with prolonged exposure.
    • The duration and magnitude of these responses varied based on pollutant concentration and toxicity.
    • Carps acclimated to 1.2% saltwater exhibited heightened sensitivity to the tested pollutants.
    • All observed physiological responses were non-specific to individual pollutants.

    Conclusions:

    • Physiological responses in carp, including serum cortisol, glucose, and enzyme activities, serve as sensitive but non-specific indicators of pollutant exposure.
    • The biphasic nature of these responses is a key characteristic influenced by exposure duration and pollutant toxicity.
    • Saltwater acclimation increases carp susceptibility to pollutants, highlighting the importance of environmental context in toxicity assessments.
    • These biomarker responses can be valuable tools for water quality monitoring, provided their non-specific nature is considered.