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A memory model of sequential effects in scaling tasks.

G R Lockhead, M C King

    Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance
    |June 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Subjects exhibit assimilation and contrast effects in psychophysical scaling, judging stimuli as too similar to recent events and too different from distant ones. This research explores sequence effects in memory and judgment.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Psychophysics
    • Human Perception

    Background:

    • Psychophysical scaling tasks often reveal systematic biases in judgment.
    • Assimilation and contrast are well-documented sequence effects where judgments are influenced by preceding stimuli.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine a two-stage linear model explaining assimilation and contrast in sequential judgment tasks.
    • To investigate the role of memory in psychophysical scaling and response generation.

    Main Methods:

    • Subjects performed a psychophysical scaling task involving judging the relative intensity of successive auditory tones.
    • A trial-by-trial analysis was employed to model the influence of prior events on current judgments.

    Main Results:

    Related Experiment Videos

    • Judgments were found to depend lawfully on prior events, supporting the proposed two-stage linear model.
    • Evidence suggests successive events assimilate in memory, and judgments are made by comparing current stimuli to a collection of memories.
    • Analysis revealed that equal stimulus ratios do not consistently yield equal response ratios in magnitude estimation, except on average.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings support a model where memory assimilation and comparison to memory collections drive sequence effects in judgment.
    • Trial-by-trial performance analysis offers valuable insights into memory and judgment processes in perceptual tasks.