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Immunologic abnormalities in patients receiving multiple blood transfusions.

P Gascón, N C Zoumbos, N S Young

    Annals of Internal Medicine
    |February 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Multiple transfusions can impair natural killer cell function and increase HLA-DR expression in T cells. However, these patients do not exhibit the same immunologic profile as those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Transfusion Medicine

    Background:

    • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) concerns prompted investigation into immune function in multiply transfused patients.
    • Specific immunologic abnormalities, including natural killer (NK) cell dysfunction and altered T4/T8 lymphocyte ratios, are associated with AIDS and at-risk populations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess immunologic functions in patients who have received multiple blood transfusions.
    • To investigate the impact of chronic antigenic stimulation from transfusions on immune cell profiles.

    Main Methods:

    • Measurement of natural killer (NK) cell function.
    • Analysis of helper/suppressor (T4/T8) lymphocyte subpopulation ratios.
    • Assessment of HLA-DR antigen expression on T cells to evaluate chronic antigenic stimulation.

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    Main Results:

    • Multiply transfused patients exhibited severely depressed natural killer cell function.
    • T4/T8 lymphocyte ratios remained normal in this patient group.
    • A marked elevation in HLA-DR antigen expression on T cells was observed, indicating chronic antigenic stimulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic exposure to foreign antigens through multiple transfusions is associated with specific immunologic abnormalities, notably NK cell depression and increased HLA-DR expression.
    • The immunologic profile of chronically transfused patients differs from that reported for certain homosexual and hemophiliac populations with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.