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Histochemical correlates of hamstring injuries.

W E Garrett, J C Califf, F H Bassett

    The American Journal of Sports Medicine
    |March 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Human hamstring muscles contain many Type II fibers, which generate high force during intense exercise. This suggests hamstrings are prone to injury due to high intrinsic force and extrinsic stretch during athletic activity.

    Area of Science:

    • Sports Medicine
    • Human Anatomy
    • Muscle Physiology

    Background:

    • The hamstring muscle group is crucial for athletic performance, involving complex biomechanics.
    • Understanding muscle fiber composition is key to explaining functional capabilities and injury mechanisms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the histochemical fiber type composition of human hamstring muscles.
    • To correlate fiber type distribution with the functional roles and injury potential of hamstrings.

    Main Methods:

    • Histochemical analysis of muscle specimens from seven hamstring locations.
    • Comparison with fiber types in quadriceps and adductor magnus muscles from necropsy samples.

    Main Results:

    • Hamstring muscles exhibit a high proportion of Type II muscle fibers.

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  • Type II fibers are associated with high-intensity exercise and greater force production.

    • Conclusions:

    • The high prevalence of Type II fibers indicates hamstrings possess significant intrinsic force-generating capacity.
    • Combined intrinsic force and extrinsic stretch from hip/knee movement may predispose hamstrings to injury during intense activity.
    • Findings may inform prevention strategies for athletic muscle injuries.