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The electrocardiogram and the athlete.

J A Ferst, B R Chaitman

    Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
    |September 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Intense physical training causes specific electrocardiogram (ECG) changes in athletes, including arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities. These findings are normal adaptations, not signs of heart disease, in trained individuals.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Sports Medicine
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Prolonged, intense physical training induces physiological cardiac adaptations.
    • These adaptations lead to electrocardiogram (ECG) changes that may appear abnormal in untrained individuals.
    • Understanding these ECG variations is crucial for accurate diagnosis in athletes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the spectrum of ECG changes in trained athletes.
    • To differentiate between normal training adaptations and pathological conditions.
    • To highlight factors influencing ECG findings in athletes.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on ECG findings in athletes.
    • Analysis of common arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities.

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  • Discussion of diagnostic tools like thallium scintigraphy and radionuclide angiography.

    • Main Results:

    • Common findings include sinus bradycardia, pauses, ectopic beats, prolonged P-R intervals, AV block, and intraventricular conduction delays.
    • Other changes include right axis deviation, increased ventricular voltage, ST segment elevation, and T wave abnormalities.
    • Exercise can normalize some ECG parameters, and imaging can rule out heart disease.

    Conclusions:

    • ECG changes in athletes are often physiological adaptations to training.
    • Factors like training type, intensity, race, and timing of ECG are important for interpretation.
    • Distinguishing normal athletic heart ECG from pathology requires careful consideration of these factors.