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The pattern of non-diabetic peripheral vascular disease in South India
Insights
This study investigated peripheral vascular disease in South Indian males, finding atheroma prevalent in aorto-iliac and femoropopliteal obstructions. Thrombo-angiitis obliterans was common in distal leg artery disease.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Surgery
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) affects lower limbs, impacting circulation.
- Non-diabetic PVD presents varied etiologies and risk factors across different arterial segments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To classify non-diabetic PVD in South Indian males based on obstruction level.
- To analyze the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and arteriographic findings in each PVD group.
Main Methods:
- Clinical classification of 112 males into aorto-iliac, femoropopliteal, and distal obstruction groups.
- Arteriography performed in 65 patients; serum lipid levels measured in 69.
- Demographic, clinical data, and risk factor prevalence (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, polycythemia) collected.
Main Results:
- Aorto-iliac group (mean age 45): 55% hyperlipidemia, 96% atheroma prevalence.
- Femoropopliteal group (mean age 39): 21% hyperlipidemia, 64% atheroma, some thrombo-angiitis obliterans (TAO).
- Distal group (mean age 37): 25% hyperlipidemia, predominantly TAO, 20% upper limb PVD.
Conclusions:
- Atheroma is a primary cause of aorto-iliac and femoropopliteal PVD in this cohort.
- Thrombo-angiitis obliterans is a significant factor in distal lower limb PVD.
- Age and risk factor profiles differ across PVD obstruction levels.
Abstract:
One hundred and twelve South Indian males with non-diabetic peripheral vascular disease of the lower limb were classified clinically into three groups according to the level of obstruction (aorto-iliac, 26 patients; femoropopliteal, 46 patients; distal, 40 patients). Arteriography was done in 65 patients and serum lipid estimations in 69. In the aorto-iliac group the mean age was 45 years (+/- 11.6 s.d.); 23 per cent had hypertension, 28 per cent polycythaemia and 55 per cent hyperlipidaemia. Aortography suggested atheroma in most. In the femoropopliteal group the mean age was 39 years (+/- 12.8); 22 per cent had hypertension, 11 per cent polycythaemia and 21 per cent hyperlipidaemia. Arteriography showed lesions typical of atheroma in many and was consistent with thrombo-angiitis obliterans in some. In the distal group the mean age was 37 years (+/- 9.8); 8 per cent had hypertension, 20 per cent polycythaemia, 25 per cent hyperlipidaemia and 20 per cent had distal arterial disease of the upper limb. Arteriography was consistent with thrombo-angiitis obliterans in most cases. Atheroma seemed to be implicated in 96 per cent of the aorto-iliac group and in 64 per cent of the femoropopliteal group.