Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

22.1K
A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
22.1K
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

58.9K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
58.9K
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

5.1K
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
5.1K
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

9.2K
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
9.2K
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

5.7K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
5.7K
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

6.4K
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
6.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Excessive KLF2 impairs mesenchymal-epithelial transition efficiency and adhesion in endometrial stromal cells via AKT phosphorylation.

Reproductive biomedicine online·2025
Same author

Is polyethylene glycol loxenatide 100 μg the preferred glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes mellitus? A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences·2024
Same author

[Play the "combo fist" in the diagnosis and treatment of advanced gastric cancer].

Zhonghua wei chang wai ke za zhi = Chinese journal of gastrointestinal surgery·2024
Same author

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and faecal microbiota transplantation can improve colitis in mice by affecting gut microbiota and metabolomics.

Beneficial microbes·2024
Same author

Bibliometric analysis of intestinal microbiota in diabetic nephropathy.

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences·2023
Same author

Efficacy and safety of iguratimod combined with methylprednisolone for primary Sjögren's syndrome: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences·2023
Same journal

A viral ORFeome library for systems-level genetic dissection of host-pathogen interactions.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Co-option of lysosomal machinery shapes the evolution of the intracellular photosymbiosis supporting coral reefs.

Cell·2026
Same journal

LEF1 and niche factors determine T cell stemness across chronic diseases.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Recurrent patterns of TOP1-mediated neuronal genomic damage shared by major neurodegenerative disorders.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Four-dimensional molecular mapping from a spatial snapshot reveals the dynamics of hair follicle organogenesis.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Whole-cell particle-based digital twin simulations from 4D lattice light-sheet microscopy data.

Cell·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy
11:40

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

Published on: June 25, 2013

11.4K

Determinants of directionality in lambda site-specific recombination.

W Bushman, S Yin, L L Thio

    Cell
    |December 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    DNA structural features dictate directionality in lambda site-specific recombination. The Xis protein

    More Related Videos

    Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
    11:12

    Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

    Published on: September 11, 2017

    6.8K
    Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    07:55

    Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    Published on: September 11, 2022

    2.1K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 5, 2026

    Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy
    11:40

    Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

    Published on: June 25, 2013

    11.4K
    Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
    11:12

    Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

    Published on: September 11, 2017

    6.8K
    Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    07:55

    Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    Published on: September 11, 2022

    2.1K

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Lambda site-specific recombination is a crucial process for viral genome integration and excision.
    • The directionality of this recombination is influenced by specific DNA sequences within the phage attachment site.
    • The role of the Xis protein in modulating integration and excision has been observed but not fully elucidated at a molecular level.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify and characterize the DNA structural features responsible for directionality in lambda site-specific recombination.
    • To elucidate the mechanism by which the Xis protein differentially affects integration and excision reactions.
    • To investigate the binding characteristics of Xis protein and its impact on Int protein binding.

    Main Methods:

    • DNA footprinting assays to identify binding sites of regulatory proteins.
    • Site-directed mutagenesis to alter specific DNA sequences within the attachment site.
    • Gel electrophoresis and quantitative binding assays to measure protein-DNA interactions.
    • Analysis of recombination products to determine the effects of sequence alterations and protein binding.

    Main Results:

    • Key DNA structural features governing recombination directionality are located more than 70 bp left and 40 bp right of the crossover region.
    • The spatial arrangement of these sequences (on the same or different attachment sites) dictates the opposing roles of Xis protein in integration (inhibition) and excision (stimulation).
    • Xis protein binds cooperatively to adjacent direct repeats in the left phage arm, inducing DNA conformational changes and enhancing Int protein binding 32-fold.

    Conclusions:

    • The study identifies specific DNA regions and their spatial disposition as critical determinants of directionality in lambda recombination.
    • The differential effects of Xis protein on integration and excision are explained by its interaction with distinct sequence arrangements.
    • Xis protein acts as a potent modulator of Int binding through cooperative DNA binding and conformational changes, thereby controlling recombination directionality.