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Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
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[Effects of nifedipine and verapamil on body temperature in cats]

R Samardzić, D B Beleslin

    Comptes Rendus Des Seances De La Societe De Biologie Et De Ses Filiales
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed

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    A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...
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    Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs, such as verapamil and diltiazem, block calcium channels. They primarily affect the heart, slowing the conduction in calcium-dependent tissues like the SA and AV nodes. These drugs manage reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and reduce ventricular rate in atrial flutter/fibrillation.
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