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Pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

A J Ammann, D W Wara, M J Cowan

    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Pediatric AIDS (PAIDS) presents with distinct clinical and immunologic features, differing from congenital immunodeficiencies. Research suggests a common cause for PAIDS, necessitating further investigation into etiology and treatment.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Immunology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Describes approximately 40-50 infants and children with similar epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory features of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
    • Highlights the geographic clustering and shared risk factors in patients with Pediatric AIDS (PAIDS), suggesting a common etiology.
    • Differentiates PAIDS from congenital immunodeficiency disorders based on clinical and laboratory findings.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the immunologic profile of infants and children diagnosed with PAIDS.
    • To explore potential causative agents and risk factors associated with PAIDS.
    • To identify differences between PAIDS and congenital immunodeficiencies, particularly in maternal immune status.

    Main Methods:

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  • Immunologic evaluation including assessment of immunoglobulin levels, antibody responses, T-cell counts, helper/suppressor cell ratios, and T-cell functional studies.
  • Clinical and laboratory feature comparison between PAIDS patients and those with congenital immunodeficiency disorders.
  • Serologic testing for viral agents, specifically antibodies to ARV and HTLV-III.

    • Main Results:

    • Immunologic findings in PAIDS include hypergammaglobulinemia, impaired antibody responses, altered T-cell numbers, decreased helper/suppressor ratios, and abnormal T-cell function.
    • No patients exhibited features of established congenital immunodeficiencies.
    • Antibodies to ARV and HTLV-III were the only consistent viral agents found; mothers of PAIDS infants frequently showed T-cell abnormalities, unlike mothers of infants with congenital immunodeficiencies.

    Conclusions:

    • PAIDS presents a distinct clinical and immunological syndrome in children.
    • The findings suggest a common infectious cause for PAIDS, potentially linked to ARV and HTLV-III.
    • Future research should focus on elucidating PAIDS etiology, risk factors, and effective immunologic reconstitution therapies.