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Automatic category search and its transfer.

W Schneider, A D Fisk

    Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Practice in semantic search improves performance, especially in consistently mapped (CM) tasks. Training on category examples significantly enhances recognition of new category members, suggesting context activation.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Human Information Processing
    • Experimental Psychology

    Background:

    • Semantic search involves retrieving words from a specific category.
    • Practice and transfer effects are key aspects of learning and skill acquisition.
    • Consistently mapped (CM) and variably mapped (VM) tasks differ in stimulus-response associations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate practice and transfer effects in consistently mapped (CM) and variably mapped (VM) semantic search.
    • To determine how the number of category exemplars affects reaction time improvements.
    • To assess the transfer of training to untrained category exemplars under varying conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Experiments involved semantic search tasks with varying numbers of category exemplars (4-12).

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Reaction times were measured to assess performance improvements.
  • Transfer effects were evaluated by testing untrained exemplars after training on a subset.
  • Resource sensitivity and performance under high workload were examined.

    • Main Results:

    • Consistent mapping (CM) conditions showed reaction time improvements, unaffected by exemplar set size.
    • Significant positive transfer (60%-92%) was observed to untrained category exemplars, increasing with training set size.
    • Practice reduced resource sensitivity in CM search but not VM search.
    • Positive transfer (70%) to untrained exemplars persisted under high workload in CM tasks.

    Conclusions:

    • Practice effects in CM semantic search occur at the category or feature level.
    • Practice likely leads to context activation of category nodes or features.
    • The context activation hypothesis explains observed automatic and controlled processing phenomena in semantic search.