Relationships between thyroid hormone and glucocorticoid effects in GH3 pituitary cells

The interrelationships between thyroid hormone and cortisol actions were investigated in GH3 pituitary tumor cells. When GH3 cells were grown in thyroid hormone-deficient medium, cortisol did not affect the concentration of TRH receptors. Both thyroid hormones and TRH normally decrease the number of TRH receptors, and cortisol inhibited down-regulation by both hormones. TRH caused a greater increase in PRL synthesis when TRH receptors were high in the presence of cortisol and T3 than when TRH receptors were low (T3 alone). In the presence of cortisol, higher concentrations of T3 were required to decrease TRH receptors, while lower concentrations were necessary to stimulate GH synthesis. Cortisol and T3 alone stimulated GH synthesis 6- and 10-fold, respectively, while together they caused an 830-fold increase. In contrast, T3 did not alter the inhibition of PRL synthesis by the glucocorticoid. Cortisol did not significantly affect the amount of [125I]T3 bound to nuclei from cells incubated in thyroid hormone-deficient or T3-supplemented medium (approximately 100 and approximately 25 fmol/mg cell protein). The data suggest that cortisol modifies thyroid hormone action at a step subsequent to T3 receptor binding.