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Related Experiment Videos

Herpes simplex virus depresses antibody production by affecting T-cell function.

B K Pelton, I B Duncan, A M Denman

    Nature
    |March 13, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of helper T cells suppresses antibody responses. Temperature-sensitive mutants confirmed that selective infection, not viral spread, causes this immunosuppression in human tonsil cell cultures.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Virology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Viruses can cause immunosuppression by infecting lympho-reticular cells, impacting disease virulence.
    • Selective viral tropism for lymphocyte subpopulations, like Epstein-Barr virus for B cells, contributes to immunosuppression.
    • Previous studies showed herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 suppressed antibody response, potentially via T lymphocyte infection, but viral spread complicated interpretation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the mechanism of HSV-induced immunosuppression.
    • To investigate whether selective infection or viral spread is responsible for immunosuppression.
    • To determine the specific lymphocyte subpopulations targeted by HSV during immunosuppression.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized temperature-sensitivity (ts) mutants of HSV type 1 (tsB, tsD, tsF) and HSV type 2 (ts 9).

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  • Cultured human tonsil cells and assessed antibody response to diphtheria toxoid under conditions restricting viral replication.
  • Analyzed the impact of ts mutants on antibody induction to differentiate between selective infection and cell-to-cell spread.

    • Main Results:

    • Temperature-sensitive mutants, unable to complete their growth cycle, still induced immunosuppression.
    • This indicates that the initial, selective infection of specific cells, rather than widespread viral replication and spread, is responsible for the observed immunosuppression.
    • The findings suggest that helper T cells are the primary targets for HSV-induced immunosuppression.

    Conclusions:

    • Immunosuppression induced by HSV is primarily mediated by the selective infection of helper T cells.
    • The use of temperature-sensitive mutants provided a clearer understanding of the mechanism by distinguishing between initial infection and viral spread.
    • These findings have implications for understanding viral pathogenesis and virulence, particularly concerning immune evasion strategies.