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Hypothalamic sarcoidosis and hypopituitarism.

M H Jawadi, T J Hanson, J E Schemmel

    Hormone Research
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pituitary hypothalamic sarcoidosis can affect multiple endocrine functions, leading to conditions like diabetes insipidus and secondary amenorrhea. Early diagnosis is crucial for managing these complex hormonal disorders.

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    The impact of the association between Val16Ala-SOD2 SNP and SOD2 immunohistochemistry expression in the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer.

    Pathology, research and practice·2023

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Neurology
    • Pulmonology

    Background:

    • Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease that can affect the pituitary and hypothalamus.
    • Pituitary hypothalamic sarcoidosis presents a diagnostic challenge due to nonspecific symptoms and normal imaging findings.

    Observation:

    • Four patients with presumed pituitary hypothalamic sarcoidosis were evaluated.
    • Three patients had confirmed sarcoidosis histologically; one had suspected sarcoidosis based on chest X-rays.
    • Clinical presentations included diabetes insipidus, diminished ACTH and growth hormone reserve, secondary amenorrhea, and central hypothyroidism.

    Findings:

    • All four patients developed secondary amenorrhea.
    • Hormonal deficiencies were common, including ACTH and growth hormone insufficiency.
    • Despite significant endocrine dysfunction, sellar and hypothalamic imaging (tomography and CT) were unremarkable.

    Implications:

    • This case series highlights the potential for sarcoidosis to cause significant pituitary and hypothalamic dysfunction.
    • The absence of typical imaging findings underscores the importance of considering sarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis of hypopituitarism.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the pathogenesis and optimize diagnostic strategies for pituitary hypothalamic sarcoidosis.

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