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Sugar uptake by intestinal basolateral membrane vesicles.

E M Wright, C H van Os, A K Mircheff

    Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
    |March 27, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Rat intestinal cells utilize a facilitated diffusion system for sugar transport across the basolateral membrane. This system shows stereospecificity for D-glucose and is similar to that found in human red blood cells.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Biochemistry
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • The basolateral membrane of intestinal cells plays a crucial role in nutrient absorption and transport.
    • Understanding the mechanisms of sugar transport across this membrane is vital for comprehending overall nutrient homeostasis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the transport system for D-glucose across the basolateral membrane of rat intestinal cells.
    • To determine the kinetic properties and specificity of this sugar transport mechanism.

    Main Methods:

    • Preparation of enriched basolateral membrane vesicles from rat intestinal cells using N2 cavitation and density gradient centrifugation.
    • Measurement of D- and L-glucose uptake using a rapid filtration technique.
    • Kinetic analysis, including determination of Km and Vmax, and assessment of activation energy.

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    Main Results:

    • A 10-fold enriched basolateral membrane preparation was obtained, free from significant brush border and mitochondrial contamination.
    • Stereospecific uptake of D-glucose was observed, exhibiting saturation kinetics (Km ≈ 44 mM, Vmax ≈ 110 nmol·mg⁻¹·min⁻¹ at 10°C).
    • Transport was inhibited by HgCl2 and phloretin, unaffected by sodium gradients, and showed broad sugar specificity for molecules with the D-glucose pyranose ring conformation.

    Conclusions:

    • Sugars are transported across the intestinal basolateral membrane via a facilitated diffusion system.
    • This system shares similarities with the glucose transporter found in human red blood cells.
    • The transport mechanism appears to favor the D-glucose pyranose ring conformation, with steric factors potentially influencing substrate recognition.