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Polymorphonuclear neutrophil-mediated antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity of herpesvirus-infected cells:
Abstract:
Bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) can mediate antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) of herpesvirus-infected cells. Since cytotoxicity occurs only in the presence of PMN and specific antiviral antibody, but not until viral membrane antigens are expressed on the target cell, it is concluded that antibody must recognize viral membrane antigens before cytotoxicity can occur. Cytotoxicity also requires very close contact between the target cell and the PMN cell. These interactions occur as early as 1 h after incubating antibody, infected cells, and PMN, but the actual lysis and release of intracellular components occur over an extended period. It was assumed that degranulation was not involved in the initiation of cytotoxicity, but was involved in the final stage of destruction. The mechanism of lysis is proposed to involve the interaction of PMN membranes with target cell membranes with subsequent reorganization and activation of the PMN plasma membrane at points of contact with the target cell. This results in possible production of transmembrane channels which allows for the release of target cell contents.
Insights
Bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) mediate antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity against herpesvirus-infected cells. This process requires PMN, antiviral antibody, and viral membrane antigen expression for effective cell lysis.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) exhibit cytotoxic capabilities.
- Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a key immune mechanism.
- Herpesvirus infections in cattle pose significant health and economic challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the mechanism by which bovine PMN mediate ADCC against herpesvirus-infected cells.
- To elucidate the role of viral membrane antigens and cell-to-cell contact in this cytotoxic process.
Main Methods:
- Incubation of antibody, herpesvirus-infected cells, and bovine PMN.
- Observation of early interactions and delayed lysis.
- Analysis of PMN degranulation and membrane events.
Main Results:
- Cytotoxicity is dependent on PMN, specific antiviral antibody, and expression of viral membrane antigens.
- Close contact between PMN and infected cells is essential for initiating cytotoxicity.
- Lysis and release of cellular contents occur over an extended period, with degranulation involved in the final destruction stages.
Conclusions:
- Antibody binding to viral membrane antigens precedes and is necessary for PMN-mediated cytotoxicity.
- A proposed mechanism involves PMN and target cell membrane interaction, leading to plasma membrane reorganization and potential transmembrane channel formation for cell lysis.