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AUG is the only initiation codon in eukaryotes.

F Sherman, G McKnight, J W Stewart

    Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
    |September 19, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    AUG is the sole translation initiation codon in eukaryotes, unlike prokaryotes which also use GUG. This difference in translation initiation is linked to the presence of a specific nucleoside in eukaryotic initiator tRNA.

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Translation initiation is a fundamental process in gene expression.
    • The specific codons used for initiating protein synthesis can vary between different organisms.
    • Understanding these differences is crucial for comprehending gene regulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify the sole translation initiation codon in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    • To compare eukaryotic and prokaryotic translation initiation mechanisms.
    • To elucidate the molecular basis for the observed differences in initiation codons.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants.
    • Sequencing of eukaryotic and prokaryotic genes.

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  • Comparative analysis of initiator tRNA structures.

    • Main Results:

    • AUG was identified as the exclusive translation initiation codon in yeast.
    • Eukaryotes exclusively use AUG, while prokaryotes (e.g., Escherichia coli) use both AUG and GUG.
    • The presence of t6A hypermodified nucleoside in eukaryotic initiator tRNA, and its absence in prokaryotic initiator tRNA, explains this difference.

    Conclusions:

    • AUG is the universal translation initiation codon in eukaryotes.
    • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation initiation mechanisms differ due to variations in initiator tRNA modifications.
    • The t6A modification plays a key role in eukaryotic translation initiation specificity.