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Related Experiment Videos

An alternative to breathing.

T Kolobow, L Gattinoni, T Tomlinson

    The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
    |February 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study shows that extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can remove carbon dioxide, allowing lungs to function solely for oxygen transport. This method maintains normal blood gases and acid-base balance in lambs.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology
    • Extracorporeal Life Support

    Background:

    • The natural lung's dual role in oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal can be separated using extracorporeal devices.
    • Apneic oxygenation is a technique where oxygen is supplied without ventilation, but it has drawbacks.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the feasibility of using an extracorporeal membrane lung for carbon dioxide removal, enabling the natural lung to function solely for oxygen transport.
    • To assess the physiological stability during this modified apneic oxygenation in a lamb model.

    Main Methods:

    • Five lambs were anesthetized and paralyzed for 24-hour studies.
    • Carbon dioxide was removed via an extracorporeal membrane lung, with blood pumped from the subclavian artery to the external jugular vein.
    • The natural lungs were inflated with 100% oxygen at a constant pressure of 5 cm H2O via tracheostomy.

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    Main Results:

    • Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2) remained stable, with no significant changes observed during the 24-hour perfusion.
    • Acid-base balance, functional residual capacity (FRC), and static lung compliance were unchanged.
    • All lambs recovered well, indicating the procedure's safety and efficacy.

    Conclusions:

    • Extracorporeal membrane lung ventilation with room air effectively removes carbon dioxide, allowing the native lung to be used exclusively for oxygenation.
    • This technique represents a viable alternative to traditional ventilation, maintaining physiological homeostasis without nitrogen washout.
    • The partial pressure of nitrogen in the membrane lung's ventilating gas directly controlled alveolar oxygen concentration.