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Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
08:32

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production

Published on: March 2, 2014

Virus-mediated abrogation of chicken lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogenic stimulus

M A Wainberg, B Beiss, E Israel

    Avian Diseases
    |July 1, 1980
    PubMed

    Insights

    Certain viruses can suppress immune cell responses to mitogens like Concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). This viral inhibition occurs even with non-infectious virus particles and involves a virus-induced factor.

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Immunology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Mitogenic stimulation is crucial for lymphocyte activation.
    • Viral infections can modulate host immune responses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of various virus particles on mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation.
    • To identify potential mechanisms of viral interference with immune cell activation.

    Main Methods:

    • Coincubation of chicken peripheral lymphocytes with different virus particles (avian leukosis, Sendai, Friend leukemia, murine mammary tumor viruses).
    • Stimulation of lymphocytes with mitogens Concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA).
    • Assessment of lymphocyte proliferation inhibition using UV-inactivated virus particles and measurement of virus-induced factors.

    Main Results:

    • Multiple virus types, including avian leukosis and sarcoma viruses, inhibited mitogenic responses of chicken lymphocytes.
    • Inhibition was observed with both infectious and UV-inactivated virus particles.
    • Preincubation with viruses (approx. 10 particles/cell for 2 hours) led to up to 83% inhibition of lectin response.
    • A virus-induced factor, lacking interferon activity, was implicated in abrogating lymphocyte responsiveness.

    Conclusions:

    • Virus particles can significantly inhibit mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation.
    • The inhibitory effect is mediated by a non-interferon, virus-induced factor.
    • These findings suggest a novel mechanism of viral immune evasion impacting lymphocyte function.

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