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[Lung function tests in emphysema].

R Keller, H Herzog, A Ragaz

    Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift
    |February 25, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Pulmonary emphysema can be detected by lung function tests measuring gas volumes and expiratory flow. Spirometry, including flow-volume curves, is crucial for diagnosing emphysema and differentiating it from other lung conditions.

    Area of Science:

    • Pulmonary Medicine
    • Respiratory Physiology

    Context:

    • Pulmonary emphysema presents with characteristic functional lung abnormalities.
    • Early detection is challenging, though some tests show promise.

    Purpose:

    • To evaluate the utility of various lung function tests in detecting pulmonary emphysema.
    • To identify a minimal set of tests for routine emphysema assessment.

    Summary:

    • Lung function tests like reduced elastic recoil, increased intrathoracic gas volumes, and expiratory bronchial collapse indicate emphysema.
    • Esophageal catheter measurement of elastic recoil is accurate but not practical for routine use.
    • Elevated intrathoracic gas volumes can be affected by other conditions.
    • Expiratory bronchial collapse is common in advanced emphysema, linked to airway instability and pressure changes.

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  • Flow-volume curves during forced expiration can reveal pressure-dependent expiratory stenosis, aiding differential diagnosis.

    • Impact:

    • Establishes a minimal functional test program for emphysema evaluation: intrathoracic gas volumes, forced expiratory volume, and flow-volume curve analysis.
    • Highlights the diagnostic value of flow-volume curves in differentiating emphysema from asthma and chronic bronchitis.
    • Suggests practical approaches for functional assessment in emphysema.